計畫說明 Project Statement

鰲鼓濕地位於亞洲候鳥遷徙路徑之上，基地總面積約1,600公頃。本區域原為沿海海埔新生地，歷經填海造陸後，因地層下陷及農業活動停止，逐漸回歸為自然海岸濕地環境。本計畫聚焦於探討人類開發後土地之「棲地復育與生態共生」策略，以自然系統復育為核心，結合環境教育、生態旅遊與永續發展，打造兼具生態價值與教育意義之自然場域。

Aogu is a 1,600-hectare site located on the route of Asian migrating birds. The site has been reclaimed from the sea and unexpectedly reverted to a coastal wetland because of land subsiding and the cessation of farming in the area. The project focuses on establishing a series of re-habitation strategies on site that is reclaimed for human development, and emphasizes the site as a seeding process for the natural systems, as well as environmental education and eco-tourism.

計畫背景 Project Narrative

數十年來，廣闊平坦的海岸區域因產業與土地開發需求而持續被利用與改造，人類發展與自然保育之間的衝突，也成為全球沿海地區普遍面臨的重要課題。

鰲鼓濕地森林園區位於臺灣西南沿海地區，歷經多階段的人為開發與自然演替，最終重新回歸濕地生態系統。基地位於北港溪出海口，在1964年以前，原為典型潮間帶泥灘濕地。隨後因農業與畜牧產業需求，政府興建C型海堤並展開大規模填海造陸工程，自海域取得超過1,000公頃土地。歷史上，該地曾進行土壤淡化作業，作為甘蔗種植區、養豬場與養殖魚塭使用。

然而，隨著地層下陷及多次海水倒灌事件發生，土壤逐漸鹽化，糖業生產亦因此停止。2001年起，基地被劃設為造林區域。過去四十年間，基地地貌與棲地環境產生劇烈變化，現今已形成自然濕地與人工林地共存之獨特景觀，鰲鼓濕地森林園區亦因此孕育而生。

本計畫將鰲鼓濕地森林園區視為「自然系統演替歷程的展示場域」。基地從人為填築土地重新演變為海岸濕地，意外成為候鳥與野生動物的重要棲息庇護所。整體規劃以建立保育與再棲地化策略為核心，透過自然復育、環境教育、生態旅遊及文化永續等面向，重新定義人與自然之間的共生關係。

Over the past decades, flat and spacious coastal areas have been seen various usages and development. The contention and conflict between human development and natural conservation along the coastal area occur all around the world. The project, Aogu Wetland and Forest Park, is located in the southwest area of Taiwan, and has experienced different stages of development before it eventually reverted to natural wetland.
On the estuary of the Bei-Gang River, the site was a typical tidal mud wetland before 1964. The site began the C-shaped seawall construction and reclaimed over 1,000-hectare of lands from sea in 1964 because of the farming and livestock industry. Historically, the land was desalinated and prepared for a sugar plantation, a pig farm and a fish farm. After the land subsided and several serious inundation events by the sea occurred, the soil become saline and the production of sugar ceased on the site. In 2001, the site was selected as an afforestation area. The landscape and habitat have changed dramatically in the past 40 years, and the site now consists of a combination of natural wetland and artificial woodland. The Aogu Wetland and Forest Park comes from this changing process of environment.

Aogu Wetland and Forest Park is the showplace of the process of natural systems. The site has been reclaimed and reverted back to a coastal wetland, which unexpectedly has become a refuge for migratory birds and other wildlife. The aim of this project focuses on establishing a series of conservation and re-habitation strategies on sites reclaimed for human development, and emphasizes the site as a seeding process for the natural systems, as well as environmental education, eco- tourism and cultural sustainability.

計畫議題 Project Issues

季節性洪氾與乾旱問題: 基地目前仍受C型海堤包圍，並面臨地層下陷問題。颱風季期間，每月降雨量可達300至500毫米，造成嚴重積淹水問題；而乾旱季節則面臨淡水資源不足，進一步影響濕地及森林棲地之生態穩定性。

水污染問題: 鰲鼓濕地森林園區內設有約三萬頭規模之養豬場。雖然廢水經二級處理後排放，但處理後放流水以及周邊魚塭與聚落未妥善處理之污水，仍對濕地與森林生態系統造成顯著影響。

造林計畫問題: 2001年至2009年間，基地依經濟造林需求，以100×400公尺之區塊方式種植單一樹種。此類低生物多樣性的人工林地，在鹽化與高含水土壤環境下，面臨自然演替與生態失衡等問題。

野生動物保育與觀光衝突: 近年因候鳥大量棲息，鰲鼓濕地森林園區逐漸成為重要賞鳥與生態旅遊據點。然而，缺乏管理的觀光活動，已對濕地與森林棲地造成干擾與環境衝擊。

因此，本整體規劃以「最低環境衝擊」為原則，透過自然復育方式，重建多樣化水鳥與野生動物棲地。核心理念在於「回歸、保存與再創」基地原有的環境價值與教育意義。

Seasonal Flood and Drought: The site is still enclosed by a C-shaped seawall with the challenge of land subsiding. The rainfall during typhoon season can reach 300-500 mm per month, and create the major flood issue. During the drought season, the shortage of fresh water challenges the survival of wetland and forest habitat.

Water Pollution: In the Aogu Wetland and Forest Park, is a pig farm with 30,000 pigs. The wastewater from the pig farm is treated by a secondary treatment plant, but the outflow from the plant and other untreated wastewater from surrounding fish farms and villages create major problems to the wetland and forest park.

Afforestation Project: Based on the economic purpose, the afforestation project planted single species in each 100 by 400 meter land plot from 2001 to 2009. The artificial woodland with low diversity and natural habitat faces the critical issue of natural succession in the changing environment.

Conflict between Wildlife Conservation and the Tourism Industry: The Aogu Wetland and Forest Park is becoming famous because of the number of migrating birds in the past few years. Unregulated tourism activities create major conflicts and environmental impacts to the wetland and forest habitats.

The Aogu Wetland and Forest Park master plan aims→to use methods with the least impact to resolve the environmental problems and restore the natural habitats for various types of waterfowl and wildlife. The main concept for this project is returning, keeping, and recreating this site to its environmental and educational values.

分析與規劃流程 Analysis and Planning Process

鰲鼓濕地森林園區擁有複雜的水文系統與自然環境條件。本整體規劃透過一系列現地調查、適宜性分析與規劃程序，逐步建立發展方向，包含：
1. 盤點既有設施與地方文化資源
2. 確認並保護關鍵生態棲地
3. 預留洪氾滯洪空間
4. 尊重既有植栽與自然紋理
5. 改善廢污水處理問題
6. 發展低衝擊生態旅遊系統

The Aogu Wetland and Forest Park faces complicated hydrological and natural environmental systems The master plan is the result of a sequence of physical surveys, suitability analyses, and planning processes describing the following:
1) identify the existing facilities and culture; 2) identify and conserve the critical habitat; 3) leave room for water at flooding area; 4) respect the planting and natural pattern; 5) resolve the issue of wastewater; and 6) use the area left over for eco-tourism.

規劃策略 Strategies

保育策略
本計畫依據不同區域之環境敏感程度，建立分級保育策略。

園區西側之東石園區為核心保育區，採高度保護管理；中部區域作為生態緩衝帶，提供自然生態、居民與遊客之間的過渡功能；東側則為主要入口區域，環境敏感度相對較低，但具有高度環境教育與展示價值。

整體保育理念在於重建歷史上曾存在之多樣棲地系統，包括沼澤、紅樹林、泥灘地、開放水域、鹽灘、溝渠、林地、草地、野放農地及魚塭等多元地景，共同整合為完整濕地森林生態系統。

水文策略
由於基地淡水資源相當匱乏，因此「保留所有可利用淡水」成為水文規劃之核心原則。

考量降雨分布不均，規劃透過多樣化濕地系統，提高淡水資源利用效率。東石園區中央設置大型滯洪池，可容納約30萬立方公尺暴雨逕流，作為颱風季節之調節空間。

聚落生活污水及農業排放則透過排水溝渠收集，經人工濕地淨化後，再儲存於滯洪池中，以供乾旱期間使用。此系統不僅提升基地綠化與生態韌性，更成為整體生態循環運作的重要基礎。

植栽策略
因過去造林計畫導致林地生物多樣性不足，部分樹種亦因鹽化及高濕土壤而生長不良。

本計畫透過微地形調整與原生植物導入，逐步恢復自然棲地環境。植栽策略包括：
-生態復育植栽
-緩衝隔離植栽
-防風植栽
-歷史景觀復育植栽

整體規劃以海岸新生環境為基礎，依循以下步驟進行：
1.詳細調查各造林區既有樹種
2.透過微地形改造與原生植物補植，恢復植群多樣性
3.讓自然演替機制逐步接管環境發展
4.結合多元地景與生態活動

分區策略
鰲鼓濕地森林園區以「綠色梯度（Green Gradient）」概念進行分區規劃，自東向西逐步提升環境保護強度。

整體可分為三大園區：
東石園區（核心保育區）
擁有最高生態多樣性，為主要保育核心。規劃將人工渠道自然化，並建立多樣濕地系統，以提升雨水滯留、淨化排放水質，並支持多元棲地發展。

鰲鼓園區（永續利用區）
基地中央保留約300人聚落。本區作為「明智利用區（Wise Use Area）」，居民可持續進行養殖生產，同時發展戶外環境教育。透過環狀濕地系統與水道串聯，兼具防洪、污水處理與生態循環功能。

溪子下園區（公共入口區）
作為整體園區主要入口，鄰近知名廟宇。規劃大型開放水域空間，並設置漂浮式遊客中心，使訪客於進入高敏感區域前，即可體驗自然環境並接受生態教育。同時提供公共服務設施，並作為地方商業與觀光服務發展基地。

Conservational Strategies
The conservation strategies are designed based on environmental sensibility in various areas. The western site of the park (Don-Shi Park) is the conservation core area with strict conservation policies. The middle part of the park (Don-Shi Park) plays the buffering role and provides services to natural species, villagers, and visitors. The eastern part of the park (Xi-Zi-Xia Park) is the entrance of the park with less environmental sensibility, but of high value in regard to education and demonstration. The main concept of the conservation is to restore and re-populate various types of habitats to recreate various eco-systems that existed here historically. In the master plan, marsh, mangrove, mud flat, open water, salt mud, ditches, woodland, grass land, wild farm, fishing ponds, etc., are merged into the wetland and forest park.

Hydrological Strategies
Freshwater is scarce at the site. Therefore, keeping all available fresh water on site has been the guideline for the hydrological strategies, except the storm rainfall intensity is higher than design standard. Since the rain is unevenly distributed over the year, various types of wetlands have been designed for maximizing utilization of the available freshwater sources. A flood-detention pond at the center of the Don-shi Park, which is capable of storing the 0.3 million cubic meters of storm rainfall runoff that comes only once or twice a year. Domestic discharges and farm disposals are collected through drainage ditches, purified through a set of constructed wetlands, and stored in the detention pond during the dry season. This will play the most important role in keeping the proposal green and viable.

Planting Strategies
Due to the afforestation project, the low diversity of the woodlands, and several species are not in a healthy condition because of the salty and wet soil. The master plan alters the micro-topography, and uses the native species to recover the afforestation area gradually. The planting strategies include ecological replanting, buffering replanting, wind-breaking replanting, and historical-replanting strategies. The master plan focuses on the emerging coastal environment strategically with the following sequence: 1) get detailed surveys of the tree species in each 100 by 400 meter land plot; 2) create micro-topography changes and replant native species to re-habitat the diversity of planting; 3) allow the environment return to the natural succession through time; and 4) merge diverse landscape and related activities.

Zoning Strategies
The Aogu Wetland and Forest Park is zoned with the idea of green gradient. The park is planned for more environmental diversity, with strict and higher protection guidelines from east to west sides of the site. The park can be divided into three major parks. From west to east are Don-Shi Park, Don-Shi Park and Xi-Zi-Xia Park sequentially. Don-Shi Park has the highest diversity and is the core for conservation. The plan is to alter the artificial channel to natural waterways and various wetlands for restoring the most possible rainfall runoff during the wet season and purifying all available disposals to support the emerging diverse habitats. Aogu Park has a small village (300 people) in its center. This park acts as a Wise Use Area in the master plan. People living in this area can practice their fishing farm in a sustainable way, and use this area as a center for outdoor education. A ring-wetland system will be connected through created waterways around the village to protect it from flooding and treating the domestic disposals. Water will be circulated within the ring by using the flood drainage pumps to maintain creativities and biodiversity during the dry season. Xi-Zu-Xia Park is holding the entrance of the whole project area and is next to a famous temple. This park is a public access area with a deep open water park in the master plan. The visitor’s center will be floating on the water, letting visitors experience the natural environment and become educated before going into the park with high environmental sensitivities. Basic services and facilities can be provided to the public. Local people can use this area to set up their commercial development and services to the whole project area eventually.

執行與管理 Implementation

本次整體規劃透過大量公眾參與、專家諮詢及跨部門會議共同推動，藉以確認關鍵議題並建立規劃執行方向。

計畫採分期推動方式，以最小人為介入處理重大環境問題，並透過監測、教育與管理機制，逐步引導自然演替進程。

此外，規劃中亦建立完整組織架構，整合非政府組織（NGOs）、地方社區、政府機關及專業委員會等多方單位，共同維持園區長期營運與永續管理。

The master plan is developed through a serious public involvement, meetings, and consultations with experts that helped identity key issues and shape the planning process. The master plan includes phasing strategies with the least input regarding significant issues, and let natural succession take over gradually within a monitoring, educational, and management framework. An organizational structure, including NGOs, communities, government, committees. etc., is provided in the master plan to facilitate and maintain the operation of the park.